1. write; one-ninth; ten; Antarctica
2. units; symbols; colors
3. conventions
4. French; meter; yards; miles
5. pendulum; gravitation
6. prime meridian; longitude
7. equator; North Pole; South Pole; Paris; Philadelphia; Beijing
8. timekeeping; Germany; five; France; solar; 200
9. railroad; Royal Observatory; Greenwich; England; Paris
10. metric; French Revolution
11. geopolitical; Great Britain
12. Britannia; world; Human Labor; fans
13. prospectors; explorers; military; schoolboy; native
14. Viennese; Albrecht Penck; political boundaries; imperialism
15. geography; southern; Ottoman Empire; balance of power; Otto von Bismarck
16. Big Five; Britain; France; Germany; Austria-Hungary; Russia
17. German Empire; Italy; Rome; linguistic; cultural
18. chancellorship; Otto von Bismarck; Germany; Austria-Hungary; Russia; Three Emperors’ League
19. diplomacy; France
20. North Sea; land; encircle
21. Britain; industrialization; German Reich; scientific; social programs
22. Russia; Franco-Prussian; Alsace; Lorraine
23. two
24. Austria-Hungary; population; size; diversity; agriculturally
25. Ottoman Empire; Europe; Asia; bankruptcy; Turkey
26. hundred; independence; Habsburgs; Austria-Hungary
27. sick man
28. Britain; India; Cyprus; Egypt; Aden; Sudan
29. Germany; Baghdad Railway; Mediterranean; Persian Gulf
30. Russia; Caspian Sea; Constantinople; Balkan Peninsula; Slavs; Habsburg; Turkish
31. alliances; France; Germany; Russia
32. Prussia; Atlantic; Belgium; Luxembourg; Switzerland; Italy
33. Alsace; Lorraine
34. Mediterranean; ports; Baltic; east; Sea of Japan; Vladivostok; Chinese
35. Black; Bosporus; grain
36. frontiers; satellites; Pan-Slavic; southeastern; Ottoman Turkey; Austria-Hungary
37. Balkans; Serbian; Bosnia; Herzegovina
38. Montenegro; Britain; Christians; Bulgaria
39. Prime Minister Disraeli; Constantinople; Suez Canal; India; Russia; Romania
40. Armenia; sultan; Abdul Hamid II; peace
41. Irish; Austria-Hungary
42. imports; agricultural; sea-lanes; Germany
43. Bismarck; honest broker; Berlin; Bulgarian; Constantinople
44. Serbian; Bosnia; Herzegovina; Congress of Berlin
45. Dual Alliance; Three Emperors’ League; Turkey
46. Italy; Triple Alliance; Great War; Italy; Russia; Austria-Hungary; Great Britain
47. Bulgaria; Serbia
48. Reinsurance Treaty
49. five; glass balls
50. France; Great Britain; Triple Entente; Anglo-Russian understanding
51. Great Britain; France; Russia; Germany; Austria-Hungary; Italy
52. Bosnia; Herzegovina
53. Serbia; Slavic; German; France; Russia
54. Italy; Turkey; Tripoli; Africa; Bulgaria
55. British; Germans
56. Russia; Austria-Hungary
57. third; territorial conquest
58. Great Britain; India; South Africa; Siberia; central Asia; Algeria; Indochina
59. Spain; sixteenth
60. transportation; communication; domination
61. United States; invisible; Pacific
62. nation-states; Great Britain; France; Germany
63. nonindustrial
64. steam; iron; electricity; shrinking
65. mass-produce; time; space
66. factories; iron; coal; wind; wooden
67. people; goods; iron; tightness; fuel economy
68. British; Germany; steamers
69. time was money; railroads
70. Romans; colonies
71. African; coal; boilers; rivers
72. resources; China; Burma; India
73. harbors; hundred; Isthmus of Suez; India
74. Canal; Mediterranean; Red; Cape of Good Hope
75. French; Ferdinand de Lesseps; diplomat; Said Pasha; viceroy; Egypt
76. Panama Canal; Western; disease; United States
77. fifty-one; Atlantic; Pacific; Isthmus; locks
78. eight; South America
79. profits
80. Empress; Eugénie; Great Eastern
81. firearms; breech; repeating; machine guns
82. spears; African; Chinese; half
83. two; India; two; three; electricity
84. copper; London; Bombay; hours
85. troops; orders; supplies; Roman
86. medicine; swamps; jungles; quinine; cinchona; malaria
87. French; Algeria; North African
88. David Livingstone; Henry M. Stanley; European travelers
89. tool
90. Krupp; Germany; Tunisia; Morocco; French
91. –
92. economic; debts; credits
93. capitalism; risks; Portugal; Italy; prestige
94. Great Britain; trade; investment
95. railroads; China; diamond mines; South Africa
96. geopolitics; geography; nineteenth
97. statesmen; colonies; France; Sahara Desert; Algeria
98. sea routes; Great Britain; India; France; Great Britain
99. Mediterranean; east; Africa; southern Asia
100. coal; South Pacific; Indian Ocean; foodstuffs
101. Asia; naval; Red; Djibouti; French; South China; Singapore; British; Pacific; Honolulu; Americans
102. budgets; fleets; Britain; United States; Germany; Japan; Pacific
103. armies; machines
104. governments; unemployment
105. leaders
106. speeches; empire; Crystal Palace; Benjamin Disraeli
107. Italy; Portugal
108. economic; alliances; balance of power
109. newspapers; tales; miracle cures; entertainment
110. sporting events; rugby
111. grandparents; horizon
112. public opinion; French; Congo; British; Egypt
113. colonial fever; Congo Basin; Belgians; Portuguese; northern
114. Germany; Chancellor; Otto von Bismarck; imperialism; electoral
115. bread and circuses
116. Britain; Boer; J. A. Hobson; journalist; theorist; abuse; Psychology of Jingoism
117. inverted patriotism
118. xenophobia; nationalism
119. autocratic; Austria-Hungary; careers
120. glory; British; Russians; Turkey; Constantinople
121. economics; geopolitics; nationalism; Britain; France; Germany; United States; Japan
122. emulation; acceleration
123. –
124. Africa; direct rule
125. China; India; hierarchies
126. Africa; China; India
127. British Parliament; West Africa; free trade
128. president; 20; madmen; colonialists
129. scramble for Africa; European
130. desert; Sudan; Sahara; French
131. General; Horatio H. Kitchener; India; Africa
132. minerals; Zimbabwe; Zambian-Zairian; copper; West African; Uganda; Malawi; missionaries
133. Egypt; Djibouti; Mozambique; Tanzania; Namibia; Botswana
134. racist; superior race; inferior
135. Charles Darwin; hierarchy; natural laws; Origin of Species; The Descent of Man; humanity
136. Herbert Spencer; social Darwinism; development
137. fittest; imperial expansion
138. Germany; Industrial Revolution
139. protectionist; Britain
140. Leopold II; Belgium; Congo Basin; richness
141. one-third; United States; philanthropy; slave trade; International African Association; rivers; ivory
142. France; Portugal; Berlin
143. Congo Free State; occupation
144. planting a flag; economic
145. Britain; Portugal; Lake Malawi; France; Fashoda; Nile
146. Africans; Hiram Maxim; 11; second; Brussels Convention
147. British; Hillaire Belloc
148. hunting; Zimbabwe; 50; six; 3000; Ndebele; two; northern; Nigeria; 32; 500; 31,000; emir; Sokoto; Winston Churchill; Omdurman; Sudan
149. five; 20; 20; Egyptian; 11,000
150. Ethiopia; guns; emperor; big men
151. Amharic; plateau
152. Egypt; Sudan; bankruptcy
153. Suez Canal; Red Sea; Britain; France; Italy; Egypt; France; Eritrea
154. Menelik II; weapons; Italy; Russia; Britain
155. encroachment
156. Treaty of Wichale; Italy; protectorate
157. Oreste Baratieri; 18,000; Eritrea
158. 100,000; supply lines; food
159. prime minister; Francesco Crispi; 8,000; Adowa
160. sovereign state; United States; colony; Liberia
161. modern weapons
162. settlers; South Africa; British; gold; Afrikaners; Netherlands
163. Great Trek; Colony of the Cape of Good Hope; Cape Colony; Orange Free State; Transvaal
164. Germany; Namibia; colony
165. hegemony; economic
166. Witwatersrand; Transvaal; gold; British; diamond
167. Cecil Rhodes; politician; agriculture; tariffs; labor control
168. Dr.; L.S. Jameson; lieutenant; British South African police; Jameson Raid
169. Alfred Milner; British Empire; German
170. Afrikaners; diplomacy; war; October; Christmas; guerilla; Boer War
171. 350,000; 65,000; typhus; concentration camps; scorched-earth
172. 25,000; 22,000; 12,000
173. –
174. World War I; imperial; France; four; desert; Britain; minerals
175. Germany; Togo; Cameroon; Namibia; Tanganyika; Belgium; Congo; Portugal; Angola; Mozambique; Portuguese Guinea; Italy; Spain
176. Ethiopia; Liberia; Africans
177. generals; kings; presidents; statesmen; paintings; photographs
178. Zimbabwe; 60; Nehanda; 45; Kagubi; barefoot; executed
179. Cecil Rhodes; British South Africa Company; BSAC; eastern
180. Shona; chiefs; military
181. civilization; primitive; White Man’s Burden
182. BSAC; land
183. taxes; concubines; cattle herds; rinderpest; Italians; Eritrea; southward
184. Jameson Raid; jail; revolt; 100
185. chimurenga; religious leaders; mediums
186. ancestors; unthreatening; notoriety; spying
187. guerilla; 15; bankrupting; Kagubi; Nehanda
188. negative publicity; forbidden
189. 7; 1970s; Ian Smith; Cecil Rhodes; second chimurenga
190. heroes; patriots; martyrs
191. China; Inner Asian; Vietnam; Siam; Thailand
192. Vietnam; French: Siam; India; Japan
193. British Parliament; New Year’s Day; Queen Victoria; Empress of India; India
194. famine; peasants; symbolic
195. sea routes; markets; Benjamin Disraeli; Russia; northern; Afghanistan; France
196. viceroy; legislative; executive; Indian; four
197. Brahmans; warriors; rulers; farmers; merchants; peasants; laborers; untouchables; caste
198. British East India Company; joint-stock; Punjab
199. one-fifth; cotton; tariffs; Lancashire cotton; agricultural; salt; opium
200. wool; cotton; tea; textiles; opium; deficit
201. merchants; Canton; British East India Company; Bengal; 200; 40,000
202. tea; silver
203. addiction; silver; poison; death penalty
204. Canton; Opium War; Shanghai
205. Treaty of Nanking; indemnities
206. five; Britain; France; Germany; Japan; spheres of influence
207. 50; treaty ports; Shanghai; Yangzi; Hong Kong; France; Germany; Shandong; Japan; northeast
208. railway lines; foreigners
209. scissors; cut; trade; infant industries; treaty ports
210. extraterritoriality; their own countries
211. diplomats; national; cultural
212. consuls; merchants; chieftains
213. commercial; commerce
214. Africa; formal
215. dynastic; famine; Boxer Rebellion; Boxers; peasants; Christian
216. 16,000; Japanese; Russian; British; American; German; French; Austrian; Italian; Beijing; general; Kaiser Wilhelm II; Huns
217. famine; minorities; taxation; foreign trade
218. Open Door policy; Secretary of State; John Hay
219. bankers; gunboats; direct
220. Hong Kong; Burma; Kowloon; Russians; Maritime Provinces
221. Java; southeast
222. Indochina; five; Cochinchina; protectorates; Annam; Tonkin; Cambodia; Laos
223. French; south; center; cultural elitism
224. coffee; tea; rubber; southern; Hanoi; Indo-Chinese Union
225. Siam; Thailand; British
226. Cambodia; central; Mekong Delta
227. Thailand; half; Buddhist; monkhood
228. Philippines; Spanish; José Rizal
229. United States; Spanish-American War; Cuba; nationalism; sugar
230. –
231. Sino-Japanese War; Taiwan; Russia; Liaotung; Korea; South Manchuria
232. Russo-Japanese War; anti-imperialist; China
233. family values; United States; Japan; capitalism
234. economy; Europe; 3; 33
235. 1914; capital; men; women
236. European; North America
237. Kenyan; coffee; tea; sugar; handlooms; silk; French
238. specialization
239. Russia; Balkans; Ottoman Empire; railways
240. Great Britain; France; Germany; Holland; United States; Belgium
241. City of London; banker; gold
242. half; South America; United States; third
243. loans; enterprises
244. trade; investment; state involvement
245. cure; Victorian; civilizing mission; educate; convert
246. Philippines; Rudyard Kipling; White Man’s burden; devil; child
247. Herbert Spencer; Charles Darwin
248. survival of the fittest; nations
249. marriage; reproduction; motherhood; childrearing; imperial
250. politicians; children; assets
251. infant mortality; health; nutrition; quality
252. breed; mate selection; Britain; Francis Galton; eugenics; genetics
253. mothers; soldiers; sailors; leaders; maternal; Kaiser Wilhelm II; three Ks; Kinder; Küche; Kirche; children; kitchen; church
254. generals; statesmen; family
255. colonizing; missionaries; nurses; wives
256. India
257. mathematics; Karl Pearson; National Life from the Standpoint of Science; eugenics; University of London
258. ecology; environment
259. technology; diseases; immunity
260. Indian; tribal; Ethiopians; Adowa
261. productivity; hierarchies; bureaucracies
262. fluctuations; weather; cash crops; cities
263. marrying; Industrial Revolution; tribes; Nairobi; prostitution; pennies
264. convicted criminals; British; Australia; French; Guiana; New Caledonia; prison
265. westward; Western Hemisphere
266. 3000; concentrated; reservations
267. Caribbean; Pacific; Hawaiian Islands; Samoa
268. Central America; Panama Canal; Japan
269. capitalism; racist
270. J.A. Hobson; Imperialism, A Study; underconsumption
271. consumption; parasites; national
272. Russian Revolution; Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov; Lenin
273. Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism; World War I; imperialist war
274. liberal; Marxist; exploitation
275. Walter Bagehot; 40
276. World War I
277. Devil’s Island; eight; more than eight years
278. African; China
279. balance of power; industrialization; technology; capital; geography
280. negotiation