AP European History
Chapter 19: Culture and Society in Eighteenth-century Europe
Über-Detailed Study Questions
ANSWER KEY
1. happy families; Lev Tolstoy
2. Enlightenment
3. Louis de Saint-Just; pleasure; pain; yardstick
4. husbands; wives; bliss
5. children; vessels
6. A Visit to the Wet Nurse; Jean-Honoré Fragonard; cheek
7. wet nurse
8. bourgeoisie; mortality rate
9. supervised; air; hat
10. 30; sour
11. spins
12. toys; puzzles; games; rocking horses; balls; yarn; cat
13. interior design; entertainment; music; string quartet; chamber
14. operas; Esterhazys; Hungary; 22; conductor; Joseph Haydn; symphony
15. orchestra; two; two; week; Sunday
16. patron; Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; palace; garret; 35
17. literary; philosophical; salons; scientific; gala; drawing
18. wives; daughters; Enlightenment
19. criticism; Jean-Jacques Rousseau; The Social Contract; chains
20. savants
21. philosophes; Encyclopedia; 35; Denis Diderot; Universal Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Crafts
22. monster; ilk
23. Adam Smith; Cesare Beccaria; Immanuel Kant
24. universities; Prussia; Austria; Russia
25. 1730
26. What is Enlightenment?; intelligence
27. Philosophical Letters Concerning the English Nation; Voltaire; two
28. religious toleration; clergy; merit; constitution
29. scientists; poets; philosophers; vice; monarchy
30. Sir Isaac Newton; René Descartes
31. burned; arrest
32. Paris; bourgeois; François-Marie Arouet; Jesuits
33. playwright; Bastille; regent
34. nobleman; duel
35. Britain; two; plays; Philosophical Letters; Cirey; Marquise du Châtelet
36. 27; Newtonian; laboratory; experimental
37. poems; plays; philosophical; antireligious; histories
38. 50; Berlin; Frederick the Great; egotists; Frankfurt; Prussia; Geneva
39. earthquake; Lisbon; church services
40. optimism; Candide; Dr. Pangloss; garden
41. authority; paternity; morals
42. French Revolution; Champagne; Paris; Panthéon; free; lime
43. skepticism; David Hume; atheist
44. A Treatise of Human Nature; merchant’s clerk; tutor; private secretary; morality; An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
45. Descartes; mind; matter; perceptions; reason
46. Christian; hope; fear
47. Providence; miracles
48. The Spirit of the Laws; Charles-Louis de Secondat; Baron Montesquieu; Bordeaux; president; Parlement of Bordeaux
49. Persian Letters; morals; society; religion; despot; harem
50. England
51. Rome; Britain
52. The Spirit of the Laws; masterpiece; Catherine the Great; Prussia; framers; United States Constitution
53. liberty; despotism; republics; monarchies; despotisms
54. virtue; moderation; honor; fear; vice; excess; corruption; repression
55. regimes; moderate; immoderate
56. powers; checks; balances; magistrate
57. impartial; just; crimes; property
58. punishment; humane; torture; aristocracy
59. Britain; liberty
60. Church; deists; nature; divine intervention
61. clockmaker; pendulum
62. anti-Christian; education; Jesuits
63. eat; Voltaire
64. Jean-Jacques Rousseau; Émile
65. John Locke; tabula rasa; experience
66. Descartes; An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
67. pleasure; pain; theological; non-European
68. Persian Letters
69. Francis Hutcheson; happiness; Crimes and Punishments; Cesare Beccaria
70. laws; retribution; torture; confessions; capital punishment; penal institutions
71. American Declaration of Independence; pursuit of happiness
72. optimism; best of all possible worlds
73. progress; Marquis de Condorcet; international peace